In order to collect data for the project of agricultural water price reform funded by Ministry of Water Resources (MWR), the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy (CCAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences organized the field survey in Taocheng district of Hengshui city in Hebei province from 13 Oct. to 18 Oct. in 2009. The survey led by Lijuan Zhang and Yumin Li from CCAP and 12 enumerators are from CCAP and other universities. We firstly selected 10 pilot villages conducting the project of agricultural water price reform, then selected another 10 control villages which have similar condition with these 10 pilot villages. Three types of survey forms were desiged for this survey: village form, household form and tubewell manager form. In each village, we interviewed the village leaders. In addition, 4 households and 2 tubewell managers were also selected randomly and interviewed. In total the samples include 20 village leaders, 80 households and 40 tubewell managers. The scope of this survey was quite broad. Each of the  included many sections. Among the sections, there were those that focused on the nature of rural China’s water resources, water management, water price reform, crop water use, agricultural production, water saving technology, government policies and regulations, and basic socio-economic conditions.